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The observatory (M break, which can be called glasses [1] [2], observer [3], binoculars [4], observer [4], observer [5], and telescope) is a machine that collects light to see planets and distant stars clearly, forming Close-ups of the orbs. Observatories are usually reflective or smelting. It is used to detect distant objects, including what is used to see objects on the surface of the earth such as theaters, races, etc. It is called the Earth Observatory. Observatories are collected and the name of the place, including the observatory (M opening)

It is believed that the first observatory was made in the Netherlands by one of the lens lens makers called Berchi and a few months later the scientist Galileo Galilei made in 1609 the first astronomical observatory by himself and it is agreed that Galileo was the first to be able to see the mountains of the moon by the observatory and has studied four of Jupiter's moons.

There are many types of observatories depending on the type of rays you receive, such as visible light, an infrared observatory, or an ultraviolet observatory.

In view of the extreme absorption that occurs of the x-rays and gamma rays that come from heavenly bodies in the Earth's atmosphere, the observatories of those rays on the ground will not succeed in monitoring and studying these bodies, so it is necessary to leave these special observatories out of the ground and be carried on satellites, and carry out their mission for a year . And all kinds of observatories agree in the basis of their work by focusing the rays in a focus to form an image, but there are significant practical differences in design and the most widely used optical observatory that works with visible light, and they can be large built on the ground, including what contains mirrors with a diameter of 8 meters or greater, The European Southern Observatory also consists of 4 large observatories, each with a 8-meter mirror. They can also be connected to each other to obtain optical images from the depths of the universe. The astronomical observatory collects the largest amount of rays from the far celestial body and is used in that either a large lens or a large concave mirror and the rays collect in the focus of the lens or mirror, forming a true miniature inverted image of the body, it is enlarged and seen or recorded on a sensitive film or transferred photoelectricly to a screen TV. Many of these observatories have a spectroscope to analyze light that enables the star to know the distance from us, classify it, know its type, age and so on. Earth's measurements of visible light often cooperate with space observatories that record X-rays and gamma rays from stars and others to conduct extensive studies of the nature of the universe. .

Stars, nuclei of galaxies, and supernovae do not only radiate within the visible light range, but they also emit eye-rays, such as gamma rays, x-rays, infrared rays and radio rays. All these types of rays belong to the spectrum of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, when studying stars and celestial bodies, astronomical observation of all these types of spectra must be done to create a complete picture of the celestial body, and not only in the range of visible light rays. Scientists have devised astronomical observational devices, the first of which was observational observatories for visible light. Then they invented monitoring with radio ray observations, which are antennas similar to radio and television antennas.

On the surface of the Earth, we can see these two bands: visible light and radio rays, as the Earth's atmosphere absorbs less of them. As for the x-rays and gamma rays coming from the celestial bodies, their observation must use special observations on satellites that carry them over the atmosphere.
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Each of these observations has its own technology.